PERSOALAN STRUKTURAL EKONOMI GIG: STUDI KASUS START-UP BISNIS TRANSPORTASI DARING DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Kemajuan teknologi dan informasi sejatinya berpeluang meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kecanggihan teknologi dan informasi membuka pintu untuk mengatasi persoalan di negara berkembang yakni tenaga kerja dan industri. Bisnis start-up dianggap sebagai oase di tengah kekeringan pasar kerja Indonesia. Maka Indonesia pun berlomba membangun sentra digital industri start-up guna menyerap lapangan kerja dengan maksimal. Ini menjadi ciri utama perekonomian gig yang sedang populer. Perekonomian yang diserahkan pada pasar memungkinkan eksploitasi terjadi secara sistemik. Dengan kata lain, membiarkan kapitalisme berkuasa dan mengambil alih tujuan-tujuan mencapai kesejahteraan dan pemerataan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengungkap persoalan struktural dalam perekonomian gig yang saat ini seolah menjadi media ekonomi yang berkembang pesat di tengah revolusi industri digital. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang analisis data sekunder diolah menggunakan analisis Atlas.ti. Tulisan ini berargumentasi bahwa eksploitasi, keamanan manusia, dan golongan rentan yang saat ini menjadi ekses dari globalisasi dan digitalisasi dan memungkinkan informalisasi kerja (crowd working) meluas sementara kualitas kerja semakin menurun. Penelitian ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa ekonomi platform dalam sistem ekonomi gig ini sehingga mengancam kualitas kerja dan pasar kerja.
Keywords
References
Adams, A., Freedman, J., & Prassl, J. (2018). Rethinking legal taxonomies for the ekonomi gig. Oxford Review of Economic Policy. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/gry006
Aloisi, A. (2015). Commoditized Workers. Case Study Research on Labour Law Issues Arising from a Set of “On-Demand/Ekonomi gig” Platforms. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2637485
Anwar, M. A., & Graham, M. (2020). Between a rock and a hard place: Freedom, flexibility, precarity and vulnerability in the ekonomi gig in Africa. Competition and Change. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529420914473
Beck, U., Sorensen, M. P., & Allan, C. (2019). An Introduction to the Theory of Second Modernity and the Risk. London: Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8gDtbt9ezDYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ulrich+beck&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi94vbGp7_eAhUFqY8KHVwrCcsQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=ulrich beck&f=false
Burchell, B., Ladipo, D., Wilkinson, F., Wilkinson, S. R. O. D. of A. E. C., & of Frank, F. (2001). Job Insecurity and Work Intensification. Routledge.
Burtch, G., Carnahan, S., & Greenwood, B. N. (2018). Can you gig it? an empirical examination of the ekonomi gig and entrepreneurial activity. Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2916
Cook, C., Diamond, R., & Oyer, P. (2019). Older Workers and the Ekonomi gig. AEA Papers and Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191042
Culkin, B. (2019). Is platform capitalism sustainable? Digital business models, on-demand labor, and economic growth. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.22381/JSME7120195
De Stefano, V. (2015). The Rise of the “Just-in-Time Workforce”: On-Demand Work, Crowd Work and Labour Protection in the “Gig-Economy.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2682602
De Stefano, V. (2016). Introduction: Crowdsourcing, the gig-economy, and the law. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2007.54.1.23.
Freedland, M., & Kountouris, N. (2011). The Legal Construction of Personal Work Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press (OUP).
Gross, S.-A., Musgrave, G., & Janciute, L. (2018a). Review of Policy Options. In S. Barnett, C. Fuchs, A. Kavada, N. Kroeger, & M. Michalis (Eds.), Well-Being and Mental Health in the Ekonomi gig and Mental Health in the Ekonomi gig (Vol. 4, pp. 20–21). University of Westminster Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv5vdf26.6
Gross, S.-A., Musgrave, G., & Janciute, L. (2018b). What’s the issue? In S. Barnett, C. Fuchs, A. Kavada, N. Kroeger, & M. Michalis (Eds.), Well-{Being} and {Mental} {Health} in the {Gig} {Economy} (Vol. 4, pp. 7–11). University of Westminster Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv5vdf26.4
Harris, S. D., & Krueger, A. B. (2015). A Proposal for Modernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First-Century Work: The “Independent Worker.” Hamilton Project Discussion Papers.
Hicks, M. S. (2017). Flexible jobs give workers choices. Monthly Labor Review, 1–2. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/90007796
Irani, L. (2015). Difference and Dependence among Digital Workers: The Case of Amazon Mechanical Turk. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(1), 225–234.
Kessler, S. (2018). Gigged: The Ekonomi gig, the End of the Job and the Future of Work. Penguin Random House.
Ladipo, D., & Wilkinson, F. (2001). More Pressure, Less Protection. In Job Insecurity and Work Intensification (1st ed.). London: Taylor & Francis.
Meijerink, J., & Keegan, A. (2019). Conceptualizing human resource management in the ekonomi gig: Toward a platform ecosystem perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-07-2018-0277
Oppong, T. (2018). Working in the Ekonomi gig: How to Thrive and Succeed When You Choose to Work for Yourself. Kogan Page Publishers.
Pemberton, S. (2016). Harmful Societies: Understanding Social Harm. Policy Press.
Puspitarini, R. C., Renny Candradewi Puspitarini, O., Basit, A., & Adi Putra, C. (2019). The Face Of Platform Economy In Fore Of Social Harms Approach: Case Study Of Online Taxi Driver. Bina Media Ilmiah, 14(3), 2299–2316. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33758/mbi.v14i3.371
Rogers, B. (2015). The Social Costs of Uber. Uniersity Law Review Dialogue.
Scott, S. (2017a). Labour exploitation and work-based harm. Policy Press.
Scott, S. (2017b). Labour Exploitation and Work-based Harm. Policy Press.
Sinicki, A. (2018). Thriving in the Ekonomi gig: Freelancing Online for Tech Professionals and Entrepreneurs. Apress.
Smith, A. (2016). Shared, Collaborative and On Demand: The New Digital Economy. Pew Research Center.
Stephany, A. (2015). The Business of Sharing: Making it in the New Sharing Economy. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137376183
Ticona, J., & Mateescu, A. (2018). Trusted strangers: Carework platforms’ cultural entrepreneurship in the on-demand economy. New Media and Society, 20(11). https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818773727
Todolí-Signes, A. (2017). The ‘ekonomi gig’: employee, self-employed or the need for a special employment regulation? Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258917701381
Ulrich, B. (2019). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity Professor. London: Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=W2sDTHaSiiYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ulrich+beck&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi94vbGp7_eAhUFqY8KHVwrCcsQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=ulrich beck&f=false
Valenduc, G., & Vendramin, P. (2017). Digitalisation, between disruption and evolution. Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258917701379
Webster, J. (2016). Microworkers of the Ekonomi gig. New Labor Forum. https://doi.org/10.1177/1095796016661511
Wood, A. J., Lehdonvirta, V., & Graham, M. (2018). Workers of the Internet unite? Online freelancer organisation among remote ekonomi gig workers in six Asian and African countries. New Technology, Work and Employment. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12112
Yaraghi, N., & Ravi, S. (2017). The Current and Future State of the Sharing Economy. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3041207
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33758/mbi.v15i4.868
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
____________________________________________
MEDIA BINA ILMIAH
ISSN 1978-3787 (print) | 2615-3505( online)
Published by BINA PATRIA | Email: laloemipa@gmail.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats